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Changes in anti-oxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in hyaline membrane disease
S K Singh1, A Tandon, S Kumari
1Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi.
Insights
Preterm newborns with hyaline membrane disease show increased antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, alongside higher lipid peroxidation (LPO), indicating significant free radical damage.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Biochemistry
- Oxidative Stress Research
Background:
- Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is a serious condition in preterm infants.
- Oxidative stress and free radical-mediated injury are implicated in HMD pathogenesis.
- Understanding antioxidant enzyme activity is crucial for HMD management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate changes in antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase) and lipid peroxidation in preterm newborns with HMD.
- To determine the role of free radical-mediated injury in the development of HMD.
Main Methods:
- Studied 21 preterm infants (11 with HMD, 10 controls) at 12-24 hours of age.
- Monitored levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Lipid Peroxidation (LPO).
Main Results:
- Significantly elevated SOD and Catalase levels were observed in HMD cases.
- Markedly increased Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) was detected in newborns with HMD.
- Antioxidant enzymes were induced but insufficient to combat high free radical levels in HMD.
Conclusions:
- Free radicals play a significant role in the pathophysiology of Hyaline Membrane Disease.
- Preterm newborns exhibit an inducible antioxidant enzyme response to oxidative stress in HMD.
- Despite enzyme induction, oxidative damage (increased LPO) persists in HMD.
Abstract:
This study was conducted to elucidate the changes in key antioxidant enzymes e.g. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) along with lipid peroxidation (LPO) in preterm newborns having hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and thus to find out role of free radicals mediated injury in this disease. Twenty one preterm appropriate for gestational age newborns were included in the study. Eleven of them had hyaline membrane disease and ten were controls without any disease. Status of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, the three main antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation was monitored at 12-24 hours of age. SOD and catalase were found significantly elevated in cases having hyaline membrane disease along with significantly more lipid peroxidation. It is evident that free radicals result in the induction of the antioxidant enzymes; however, the elevated enzymes are unable to counteract the high concentration of the free radicals which are being produced in the diseased cases and leads to increase in lipid peroxidation in hyaline membrane disease. It is concluded that free radicals play a significant role in hyaline membrane disease and the preterm newborns have ability to induce antioxidant enzymes in response to oxidative stress.