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Cyclic AMP-receptor responses to hypergravity.

M I Mednieks1, A R Hand, R E Grindeland

  • 1Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois College of Dentistry, Chicago 60612, USA.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|April 25, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Simulated hypergravity (1.7G) alters cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-reactive proteins (cARP) in exocrine glands and heart muscle, distinct from weightlessness effects. These changes suggest inhibited secretion and altered signaling pathways under increased gravity.

Area of Science:

  • Space biology and physiology
  • Cellular and molecular biology

Background:

  • Spaceflight induces physiological changes due to altered gravity (G), including weightlessness (0G) and high G forces during launch/reentry.
  • Previous studies indicated altered cAMP-associated activity in rat heart muscle post-spaceflight, suggesting impacts on hormone signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cAMP-related cellular responses in exocrine glands differ between simulated hypergravity (1.7G) and weightlessness (0G).

Main Methods:

  • Exocrine gland (parotid, lachrymal) and heart muscle tissues were subjected to simulated 1.7G via centrifugation.
  • Tissues were analyzed morphologically, immunocytochemically, and biochemically for cAMP-reactive proteins (cARP) using photoaffinity labeling.
  • Short-term tissue cultures assessed responses to norepinephrine stimulation.
Keywords:
NASA Center ARCNASA Discipline Musculoskeletal

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Main Results:

  • Hypergravity (1.7G) altered protein banding patterns and cARP distribution in heart and exocrine tissues compared to 1G controls.
  • In the heart, cARP increased in the soluble fraction; in the parotid gland, cARP accumulated but returned to control levels after stimulation.
  • The lachrymal gland showed cARP translocation from particulate to cytoplasmic compartments; parotid glands exhibited increased amylase in secretory granules.

Conclusions:

  • Simulated hypergravity (1.7G) induced specific changes in cARP activity and protein synthesis in exocrine glands and heart muscle.
  • These hypergravity-induced changes were distinct from those observed in weightlessness (0G).
  • Evidence suggests an apparent inhibition of regulated secretion under simulated hypergravity conditions.