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Lipid peroxidation in leukaemia.

V S Ghalaut¹, P S Ghalaut, S Singh

¹Dept of General Medicine, Pt BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India

|April 25, 2000

Summary

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Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation, are elevated in active leukaemia, correlating with disease severity and white blood cell counts. MDA levels decrease with successful chemotherapy, aiding in monitoring leukaemia activity and treatment response.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Oncology
Hematology

Background:

Free radicals contribute to leukaemia pathogenesis.
Lipid peroxidation is a key indicator of oxidative stress in diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess lipid peroxidation as a marker of leukaemia activity.
To evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in leukaemia patients.

Main Methods:

Serum MDA levels were measured using the thio-barbituric acid reaction in 30 leukaemia patients and 20 controls.
MDA levels were assessed before and after chemotherapy across different leukaemia subtypes (AML, ALL, CML).

Main Results:

Significantly higher MDA levels were observed in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) patients compared to controls.

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MDA levels were elevated in active leukaemia phases, correlating directly with peripheral leucocyte counts.

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients in blast crisis showed higher MDA levels, which decreased significantly upon achieving remission.

Conclusions:

Elevated MDA levels indicate active leukaemia, distinguishing between active disease and remission.
MDA estimation can aid in leukaemia subtyping, assessing therapy response, and predicting relapse.
Myeloid cells' production of superoxide metabolites likely drives lipid peroxidation in leukaemia.