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Acute disseminated encehalomyelitis with typhoid fever
K K Krishna1, D K Mitra, A G Diwan
1Dept. of Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra.
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|April 25, 2000
Summary
A rare case of typhoid fever presented with neurological symptoms, specifically acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). This highlights the diverse and severe neurological complications possible with Salmonella Typhi infection.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi, is a significant global health concern.
- Neurological complications of typhoid fever are uncommon but can be severe.
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
Observation:
- A 45-year-old male presented with fever, headache, altered sensorium, pallor, and lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Laboratory investigations confirmed the diagnosis of typhoid fever.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed findings suggestive of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
Findings:
- The patient's clinical presentation and laboratory results indicated concurrent typhoid fever and ADEM.
- This case demonstrates a rare association between Salmonella Typhi infection and ADEM.
- The diagnostic challenge lies in differentiating primary neurological disorders from those secondary to systemic infections.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of considering neurological complications in patients with severe typhoid fever.
- Early recognition and appropriate management of both infection and neurological sequelae are crucial for patient outcomes.
- Further research into the pathomechanisms linking typhoid fever and ADEM may offer insights into neuroinflammatory processes.