Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2026

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
09:03

Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye

Published on: June 20, 2015

Intra-ocular pressure and haemodynamic changes after tracheal intubation and extubation: a comparative study in

R Madan1, P Tamilselvan, S Sadhasivam

  • 1Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Anaesthesia
|April 26, 2000
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric patients undergoing intra-ocular surgery experienced greater intra-ocular pressure increases during tracheal intubation and extubation if they had glaucoma. This highlights a potential risk for visual damage in these children.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Intra-ocular pressure (IOP) management is critical during surgery, especially in pediatric patients.
  • Glaucoma significantly impacts IOP, posing unique challenges during anesthetic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of tracheal intubation and extubation on IOP and hemodynamic parameters in pediatric patients with and without glaucoma.
  • To assess the risk of visual damage associated with airway manipulation in glaucomatous children.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, controlled study comparing two groups of pediatric patients (normal IOP vs. glaucoma) undergoing intra-ocular surgery.
  • Standardized general anesthesia administered, with IOP, heart rate, and blood pressure measured at baseline, post-intubation, and post-extubation.
  • Measurements taken at specific intervals: 5 min after anesthesia, 30 sec and 2 min after intubation, and before, 30 sec, and 2 min after extubation.

Main Results:

  • Intubation led to a greater IOP increase in the glaucoma group compared to the normal IOP group.
  • Extubation caused a larger IOP increase than intubation in both groups, with similar increases between groups.
  • Children with glaucoma exhibited a higher baseline IOP, potentially increasing their risk of visual damage.

Conclusions:

  • Tracheal intubation and extubation significantly affect IOP in pediatric patients, with a more pronounced effect in those with glaucoma.
  • The risk of visual damage may be elevated in pediatric glaucoma patients due to heightened IOP during airway procedures.
  • Careful anesthetic management and IOP monitoring are crucial for pediatric patients with glaucoma undergoing surgery.

More Related Videos

A Model of Glaucoma Induced by Circumlimbal Suture in Rats and Mice07:00

A Model of Glaucoma Induced by Circumlimbal Suture in Rats and Mice

Published on: October 5, 2018

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments08:55

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments

Published on: April 24, 2020

Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...