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Updated: Oct 16, 2026

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
Published on: October 14, 2022
The adult radiographic shuntogram
W S Bartynski1, S Valliappan, J H Uselman
1Department of Radiology, The Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Pittsburgh 15224, USA.
Abstract:
We describe the adult radiographic shuntogram, a simple method to evaluate the function and patency of a ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculoatrial shunt. The procedure involves placing contrast material into the valve of a shunt system and following the flow for appropriate clearing of contrast agent from the shunt tubing. Twenty-three studies were obtained in 15 patients in whom shunt malfunction was suspected. The method can be used to establish valve malfunction, ventricular or distal catheter obstruction, and peritoneal encystment.
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