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The evolution of internal defibrillators

L M Porterfield1, P G Morton, E Butze

  • 1University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, USA.

Summary

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) significantly reduce sudden cardiac death (SCD) mortality to 2% annually, a remarkable achievement in cardiac therapy. Future ICDs aim for easier implantation, smaller size, and improved patient comfort and efficacy.

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