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Electrical injuries to the eye.

H Wiesinger

    Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie. Albrecht Von Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Electric current can cause permanent vision damage, specifically affecting the b-wave of the electroretinogram in rabbit eyes. Single electrical shocks can also induce cataracts, with higher energy levels producing more severe lens changes.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Electrophysiology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Electrical injuries pose risks to ocular health.
    • Previous studies often used unrealistic multiple shock exposures.
    • Understanding the effects of single electrical exposures is crucial for accidental injury scenarios.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the ocular effects of controlled electrical current exposure in experimental animals.
    • To determine the threshold for permanent electroretinogram changes.
    • To characterize the cataractogenic potential of single electrical shock exposures.

    Main Methods:

    • An apparatus was developed for controlled single and multiple electrical shock exposures (0-600 volts).
    • Mature Dutch rabbits were exposed to varying electrical parameters.

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  • Electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded, and eyes were examined biomicroscopically and histologically.
  • Electrical energy was measured in watts per second to assess cataract formation.

    • Main Results:

    • Permanent reduction in the b-wave amplitude of the electroretinogram was observed in some rabbits exposed to ≥400 milliamperes for ≥250 milliseconds at 500 volts.
    • No significant histological or ophthalmological alterations were detected in the retina, optic nerve, or vasculature using conventional methods.
    • Single shock exposures between 6-26 watt-seconds caused minimal lens changes.
    • Electrical anterior subcapsular cataracts were produced by single exposures of 23-80 watt-seconds.

    Conclusions:

    • Electrical current can induce permanent functional changes in the retina, evidenced by ERG alterations.
    • Single electrical shocks are sufficient to cause significant cataract formation.
    • The study provides quantitative data on electrical energy thresholds for ocular damage, relevant to accidental exposures.