Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Blood Types

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...

The ABO Blood Group

The ABO Blood Group

The ABO blood group system is a critical element of transfusion medicine, essential for determining blood compatibility in transfusions and organ transplants. It is based on specific antigens, or agglutinogens, present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and corresponding antibodies, or agglutinins, in the blood plasma.
Antigens in the ABO Blood Group System
Antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. In the ABO blood group system,...

Rh Blood Group

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

Blood Typing

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...

Blood Transfusion

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Temporal and spatial genetic variability in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Genetica·2004

Same author

The Lutheran blood group system: a review.

Immunohematology·2004

Same author

Monoclonal antibodies as blood grouping reagents.

Immunohematology·2004

Same author

Karyotypic analysis of the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman.

Genetica·2001

Same author

Transplantation rate of the blood group B waiting list is increased by using A2 and A2B kidneys.

Transplantation·1999

Same author

Differential reactivity of cardiac and skeletal muscle from various species in two generations of cardiac troponin-T immunoassays.

Research in veterinary science·1998

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay

Published on: January 29, 2010

Red blood cell polyagglutination: clinical aspects.

¹Community Blood Center of Greater Kansas City, MO 64111, USA.

Seminars in Hematology

|May 3, 2000

Summary

Polyagglutination occurs when red blood cells (RBCs) react with most adult human sera due to exposed antigens. This can be transient, caused by infections, or persistent, linked to genetic factors or hematologic disorders.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Immunology
Genetics

Background:

Polyagglutination describes red blood cells (RBCs) agglutinated by most adult human sera, but not autologous serum or newborn sera.
This RBC condition can be transient, often due to bacterial enzymatic activity during infections, or persistent, stemming from genetic or hematologic issues.

Purpose of the Study:

To define and differentiate the causes and characteristics of transient and persistent polyagglutination.
To elucidate the immunological and enzymatic mechanisms underlying antigen exposure in polyagglutination.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical cases and laboratory findings associated with polyagglutination.
In vitro studies using bacterial culture fluids and isolated enzymes to induce transient polyagglutination.

More Related Videos

Antigens Protected Functional Red Blood Cells By The Membrane Grafting Of Compact Hyperbranched Polyglycerols

Antigens Protected Functional Red Blood Cells By The Membrane Grafting Of Compact Hyperbranched Polyglycerols

Published on: January 2, 2013

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Published on: January 29, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay

Published on: January 29, 2010

Antigens Protected Functional Red Blood Cells By The Membrane Grafting Of Compact Hyperbranched Polyglycerols

Antigens Protected Functional Red Blood Cells By The Membrane Grafting Of Compact Hyperbranched Polyglycerols

Published on: January 2, 2013

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Published on: January 29, 2014

Analysis of genetic and hematologic profiles in persistent polyagglutination cases.

Main Results:

Transient polyagglutination results from bacterial enzymes exposing cryptic RBC antigens, which are recognized by adult human sera.
Persistent polyagglutination can arise from somatic mutations (e.g., Tn polyagglutination) or inherited blood groups, often associated with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukemia.
Tn polyagglutination involves exposure of a cryptic antigen recognized by anti-Tn antibodies present in most adult sera.

Conclusions:

Polyagglutination is a complex phenomenon with distinct transient and persistent forms, each with unique etiologies and clinical implications.
Understanding the mechanisms of antigen exposure is crucial for diagnosing and managing polyagglutination, especially when associated with hematologic disorders.