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Cognitive function and apolipoprotein E in very old adults: findings from the Nun Study
K P Riley1, D A Snowdon, A M Saunders
1Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, Lexington, USA. kriley@aging.coa.uky.edu
Summary
Individuals without the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele are more likely to maintain high cognitive function in old age. This genetic factor may predict sustained cognitive abilities in older adults.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Gerontology
Background:
- The apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele is linked to Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment.
- Understanding factors that maintain cognitive function in aging is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if the absence of the APOE epsilon4 allele predicts sustained high cognitive function in very old individuals.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal study of 678 Catholic sisters (The Nun Study).
- Annual cognitive assessments using the CERAD battery.
- Defined high cognitive function as intact scores on five CERAD tests.
Main Results:
- 62% of participants (n=241) aged 75-98 maintained high cognitive function.
- Absence of APOE epsilon4 allele correlated with longer periods of intact cognitive function (p = .007).
- Individuals without APOE epsilon4 had half the risk of cognitive decline (p < .01).
Conclusions:
- The APOE epsilon4 allele may be a predictor of cognitive decline, but its absence may predict cognitive maintenance in old age.
- APOE epsilon4 status is relevant for both dementia risk and preserving cognitive function in aging adults.