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Bracing for loss.

J A Shepperd1, C Findley-Klein, K D Kwavnick

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 32611-2250, USA. shepperd@psych.ufl.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|May 4, 2000
PubMed
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Financially needy students exhibit pessimism when anticipating potential monetary losses, unlike their non-needy peers. This pessimism is specific to personal financial risks and not generalized to other situations.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Unexpected negative outcomes are generally aversive.
  • Individuals often predict negative outcomes to prepare for them, a phenomenon known as bracing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether personal financial need influences anticipatory pessimism.
  • To explore the specificity of this pessimism regarding losses versus gains and self versus others.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted with university students differing in financial need.
  • Participants were informed about a potential university billing error with financial implications.
  • Pessimism was measured by participants' predictions of their likelihood of receiving an additional bill.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Financially needy students consistently predicted a higher likelihood of receiving a bill (pessimism) compared to non-needy students.
  • This pessimism was observed for potential monetary losses but not for potential gains.
  • Pessimism was directed towards personal outcomes, not towards the outcomes of a friend.
  • The effect was not due to heightened sensitivity to the news or prior experience with billing errors.
  • Pessimism was specific to monetary losses and did not extend to other types of negative events.

Conclusions:

  • Personal financial need significantly drives anticipatory pessimism concerning potential monetary losses.
  • This coping mechanism appears to be a targeted response to personal financial risks.