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Biased information search in group decision making.

S Schulz-Hardt1, D Frey, C Lüthgens

  • 1Institute of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany. schulz-hardt@psy.uni-muenchen.de

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|May 4, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Groups, like individuals, exhibit a bias toward supporting information during decision-making. This information-seeking bias intensifies with group homogeneity, influencing commitment and confidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Decision-making processes
  • Social psychology
  • Organizational behavior

Background:

  • Individuals exhibit a preference for information that supports their existing decisions.
  • The phenomenon of biased information search in group decision-making remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether biased information search, favoring supporting evidence, extends to group decision-making.
  • To examine the influence of group composition, specifically homogeneity, on this bias.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted to assess information-seeking preferences in groups versus individuals.
  • The role of initial decision preferences and group homogeneity was manipulated and measured.
  • Managerial groups were included in replication studies.

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Main Results:

  • Both groups and individuals demonstrated a preference for supporting information.
  • The strength of this bias was positively correlated with group homogeneity (i.e., shared initial preferences).
  • Group-level processes, including heightened commitment and confidence in homogeneous groups, mediated the observed bias.

Conclusions:

  • Biased information seeking is a characteristic of group decision-making, mirroring individual tendencies.
  • Group homogeneity significantly amplifies this bias through increased commitment and confidence.
  • Understanding these biases is crucial for optimizing group decision-making processes and mitigating potential dysfunctions.