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Diurnal rhythms in neurohypophysial function.

M L Forsling1

  • 1Neuroendocrine Laboratories, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK. mary.forsling@kcl.ac.uk

Experimental Physiology
|May 5, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Neurohypophysial hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin exhibit daily secretion rhythms influenced by melatonin. Melatonin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Chronobiology
  • Hormone Regulation

Background:

  • Neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin and vasopressin exhibit daily rhythms in secretion, peaking during sleep.
  • These patterns are modulated by ovarian steroids, age, and influenced by melatonin secretion, which has differential effects in humans and rats.
  • Pinealectomy disrupts these rhythms and hormone release responses to physiological challenges in rats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of melatonin in regulating daily rhythms of neurohypophysial hormone secretion and response.
  • To examine the impact of pinealectomy on neurohypophysial hormone release and neuronal activity.
  • To assess the influence of melatonin on human neurohypophysial hormone responses to various stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Studies in rats involved pinealectomy and assessment of hormone release and neuronal activity (immediate-early gene expression) under physiological stress (hypovolaemia, hypernatraemia).
  • Melatonin administration was used to restore normal responses in pinealectomized rats.
  • Human studies examined neurohypophysial hormone responses to stimuli like hyperosmolality, exercise, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia, with and without melatonin influence.

Main Results:

  • Pinealectomy in rats reduced hormone release and neuronal activity in response to hypovolaemia and hypernatraemia, effects reversible by nocturnal melatonin.
  • Melatonin administration influenced human neurohypophysial hormone release in response to stimuli such as increased plasma osmolality, exercise, and hypoglycemia.
  • Both hormone release and target organ responses (renal, uterine) exhibit diurnal variations.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin plays a significant role in regulating the daily rhythms of neurohypophysial hormone secretion and action.
  • The neurohypophysial system's responsiveness to physiological stimuli is under circadian control, modulated by melatonin.
  • Understanding these diurnal variations is crucial for comprehending hormone regulation and physiological adaptation throughout the day.

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