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Iron supplementation in pregnancy.

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe. kmahomed@healthnet.zw

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|May 5, 2000

Summary

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Iron supplementation effectively prevents low hemoglobin in pregnant women, improving hematological parameters. However, its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes requires further investigation, especially in high-risk populations.

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Hematology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Pregnancy anemia is a significant global health issue, particularly in developing nations.
It is linked to nutritional deficiencies, malaria, and parasitic infections, increasing maternal and perinatal risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effects of iron supplementation on pregnant women's hematological and biochemical markers.
To assess the impact of iron supplementation on pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of controlled trials on iron supplementation in pregnancy.
Searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register and contacted study authors.
Assessed trial eligibility and quality, with data collection and analysis performed by a single reviewer.

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Main Results:

Iron supplementation increased serum ferritin levels and significantly reduced anemia in late pregnancy.
No clear effect was observed on substantive maternal or fetal outcomes.
One trial indicated increased C-section and transfusion rates but lower perinatal mortality with routine supplementation.

Conclusions:

Iron supplementation effectively prevents low hemoglobin postpartum.
Limited data exist on pregnancy outcomes for mothers and infants.
More research is needed in populations where iron deficiency and anemia are prevalent.