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Allergen immunotherapy for asthma.

M J Abramson1, R M Puy, J M Weiner

  • 1Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical School, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Vic, Australia, 3181. michael.abramson@med.monash.edu.au

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|May 5, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Allergen immunotherapy for asthma can reduce symptoms and medication needs. However, potential risks like anaphylaxis require careful consideration.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is a controversial asthma treatment.
  • While ASIT shows clinical benefits in trials, it carries a risk of severe anaphylaxis.
  • Professional recommendations for ASIT vary, necessitating a systematic review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy and effects of allergen specific immunotherapy for asthma.
  • To systematically review randomized controlled trials on ASIT for asthma treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Searched multiple databases (Cochrane Airways Group trials register, Dissertation Abstracts, WorldCat, ArticleFirst) up to 1997.
  • Included randomized trials of various ASIT forms for asthma.
  • Independent review and quality assessment of 54 included trials.

Main Results:

  • ASIT significantly reduced asthma symptoms and medication requirements.
  • Improved asthma symptom scores (SMD -0.52) and reduced symptom worsening (OR 0.27).
  • Reduced allergen-specific bronchial hyper-reactivity; no consistent effect on lung function.

Conclusions:

  • Allergen immunotherapy may alleviate asthma symptoms and decrease medication use.
  • The comparative benefit of ASIT versus other therapies remains unclear.
  • Potential adverse effects, including anaphylaxis, must be weighed against benefits.

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