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Related Experiment Videos

Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever.

E A Engels1, J Lau

  • 1Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Blvd, EPN 434, Rockville, MD, USA. engelse@exchange.nih.gov

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|May 5, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Whole cell typhoid vaccines offer longer protection but have more side effects. Newer oral Ty21a and parenteral Vi vaccines are less toxic, though protection duration varies by vaccine type and dosage.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Whole cell typhoid vaccines, while effective, are associated with significant adverse effects.
  • Ty21a (oral) and Vi (parenteral) typhoid vaccines represent newer, potentially less toxic alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and assess the efficacy and safety of different typhoid fever vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive literature search across major databases (Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase).
  • Included randomized controlled trials comparing typhoid vaccines against each other or placebo.
  • Two independent reviewers assessed trial quality and extracted data.

Main Results:

  • Seventeen studies involving nearly two million individuals were analyzed.
  • Whole cell vaccines demonstrated prolonged protection (up to five years with two doses).
  • Ty21a and Vi vaccines showed significant protection for two years, with varying efficacy in subsequent years; whole cell vaccines were more toxic.

Conclusions:

  • Whole cell typhoid vaccines provide more extended protection compared to Ty21a and Vi vaccines.
  • Despite longer efficacy, whole cell vaccines exhibit higher toxicity.
  • Ty21a and Vi vaccines offer a potentially safer alternative with acceptable protection durations.

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