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Serum lipid and lipoprotein composition in infants of diabetic mothers

M Akisü1, S Darcan, R Oral

  • 1Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Izmir, Turkey. makisu@med.ege.edu.tr

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|May 8, 2000
PubMed

Insights

Infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus (DM) show altered lipid metabolism, specifically higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). This suggests a potential increased risk for atherosclerosis later in life.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal metabolism
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular risk factors

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impacts carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
  • Maternal diabetes can affect fetal development and metabolic programming.
  • Understanding neonatal lipid profiles is crucial for long-term health assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether infants of mothers with insulin-dependent (Type 1) and gestational diabetes have abnormal lipid metabolism.
  • To compare lipid profiles of neonates from diabetic mothers with those from non-diabetic mothers.

Main Methods:

  • Study included three groups of newborns: infants of Type 1 diabetic mothers (n=7), infants of gestational diabetic mothers (n=18), and control neonates (n=20).
  • Measured serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B).
  • Calculated ratios including LDL-C/HDL-C, Apo A-I/Apo B, HDL-C/Apo A-I, and Apo B/LDL-C.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in TC, TG, or HDL-C were observed between the groups.
  • Infants of both Type 1 and gestational diabetic mothers exhibited significantly higher LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios compared to controls.
  • Apo B/LDL-C ratio was significantly lower in infants of diabetic mothers compared to the control group.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal diabetes during pregnancy is associated with a tendency towards elevated LDL-C in newborns.
  • These findings indicate a potential predisposition to hypercholesterolemia in offspring of diabetic mothers.
  • Longitudinal follow-up is recommended to determine if this neonatal lipid alteration increases future atherosclerosis risk.

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