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Strain, clone and species: comments on three basic concepts of bacteriology
L Dijkshoorn, B M Ursing1, J B Ursing1
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands, *Department of Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands and †Department of Medical Microbiology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
Journal of Medical Microbiology
|May 8, 2000
Summary
This study clarifies the definitions of microbial terms like strain, clone, and species. It distinguishes between taxonomic and natural concepts of strains and discusses criteria for species definition.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Taxonomy
- Genetics
Background:
- The terms 'strain', 'clone', and 'species' are fundamental in microbiology but often used inconsistently.
- Clarifying these terms is crucial for accurate scientific communication and reproducible research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss and differentiate the various meanings and applications of the terms strain, clone, and species.
- To emphasize the distinction between the definition and criteria for species.
- To explore the different types of criteria used in species delineation.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual analysis and discussion of existing definitions.
- Review of taxonomic and genetic literature.
- Comparative analysis of term usage in scientific contexts.
Main Results:
- The term 'strain' has both a taxonomic meaning (pure culture) and a natural meaning related to clones.
- 'Clone' is used broadly and restrictively, with the latter implying limited genetic exchange.
- A clear distinction is made between species definition and the criteria used for species identification.
Conclusions:
- Precise definitions and consistent application of 'strain', 'clone', and 'species' are essential for microbial taxonomy.
- Understanding the nuances of these terms improves clarity in genetic and evolutionary studies.
- The criteria for species delineation require careful consideration in microbial classification.