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Related Experiment Videos

Host cell invasion by pathogenic Neisseriae.

C Dehio1, S D Gray-Owen, T F Meyer

  • 1Dept. Infektionsbiologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Tübingen, Germany.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|May 11, 2000
PubMed
Summary

This review explores experimental methods to understand Neisseria pathogenesis, identifying bacterial adhesins and virulence factors. Future research will integrate lab findings with human studies to reveal host factors for preventing infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Immunology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Neisseria bacteria cause significant human diseases.
  • Understanding Neisseria pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Bacterial surface structure variability plays a key role in Neisseria infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental techniques used to study Neisseria pathogenesis.
  • To identify bacterial adhesins and virulence factors involved in host cell interaction.
  • To explore host cellular receptors and signaling pathways in Neisseria infection.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro genetic analysis of cell surface components.
  • Epithelial cell cultures and polarized monolayers for adherence and invasion studies.

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  • Organ cultures (fallopian tube, nasopharyngeal) and ureteral tissue for in vivo relevance.
  • Infection of human volunteers with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of adhesins (pili, Opa, Opc, P36) and virulence determinants (LOS, capsule, PorB).
    • Neisserial surface variation modulates tissue tropism, immune evasion, and survival.
    • Identification of host receptors: CD46 for pili, HSPGs/vitronectin/fibronectin for Opa/Opc, and CD66 for Opa variants.
    • These receptors mediate adherence, invasion, and transcytosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Experimental models, from in vitro cultures to human volunteers, have elucidated Neisseria pathogenesis.
    • Host cellular receptors like CD46, CD66, and HSPGs are critical for Neisseria-host cell interactions.
    • Integrating diverse study findings and focusing on host factors will advance understanding and inform therapeutic strategies.