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Do we eat less fat, or just report so?

B L Heitmann1, L Lissner, M Osler

  • 1Department of Medicine CF, Glostrup University Hospital, Denmark. BeHe@Glostruphosp.KbhAmt.dk

International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|May 11, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Dietary reporting errors increased significantly between 1987-88 and 1993-94, particularly for energy and protein intake. This trend may stem from increased public health awareness regarding fat and carbohydrate consumption.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional epidemiology
  • Dietary assessment methodology
  • Public health nutrition

Background:

  • Accurate dietary reporting is crucial for understanding population health and the impact of dietary guidelines.
  • Previous studies have indicated potential biases in self-reported dietary intake.
  • Secular trends in dietary reporting error have not been extensively examined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in diet reporting error over time in a Danish population.
  • To assess trends in the under-reporting of energy and macronutrient intake.
  • To explore the association between obesity and dietary reporting accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional dietary surveys conducted in 1987-88 (n=228) and 1993-94 (n=122) among Danish adults.

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  • Dietary intake was compared against objective measures including 24-hour urinary nitrogen output and estimated energy expenditure.
  • Validation of nutrient intake estimation was performed using p-aminobenzoic acid administration.

    • Main Results:

    • Total energy and protein intake were under-reported in both survey periods.
    • The degree of under-reporting for energy and protein increased from 15% in 1987-88 to 29% in 1993-94.
    • Obesity was positively correlated with greater under-reporting of dietary intake in both time periods.

    Conclusions:

    • A secular trend towards increased diet reporting error, particularly under-reporting of energy and protein, was observed.
    • This rise in reporting error may be linked to heightened public awareness and public health campaigns promoting reduced fat and carbohydrate intake.
    • The findings have implications for interpreting trends in dietary fat consumption and associated health outcomes.