Statin drugs and dietary isoprenoids as antithrombotic agents

Statin drugs and various isoprenoids from plant origins inhibit mevalonic acids, cholesterol, and other isoprenoid products. Among these, reduction of farnesyl and geranylgeranyl prenylated proteins impedes signal transduction at the cellular level. The authors envision that limiting such prenylated proteins downregulates thrombin-stimulated events, including decreasing the expression and availability of protease-activated receptor-1 mitigating thrombin stimulation of cells, tissue factor preventing additional thrombin generation, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 allowing thrombosis. Additional processes may enhance nitric oxide production and induce other processes. Downregulation of thrombin-stimulated events should promote hypothrombotic or quiescent conditions that reduce cardiovascular disease, thus contributing to longevity.