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Amifostine and hematologic effects.

C Sriswasdi1, S Jootar, F J Giles

  • 1Department of Medicine, Pramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet
|May 16, 2000
PubMed
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Amifostine protects healthy tissues from radiochemotherapy damage by scavenging free radicals. This cytoprotective agent is safe and effective for various treatments, including ovarian and lung cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Amifostine is a prodrug converted to its active form, WR-1065, offering protection against radiochemotherapy.
  • It selectively shields normal tissues from cytotoxic damage by scavenging free radicals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate amifostine's cytoprotective efficacy against various chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.
  • To assess the safety and side effect profile of amifostine.
  • To review its FDA approval for specific cancer treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Preclinical and clinical studies were conducted.
  • Drug pharmacokinetics, including plasma clearance and tissue concentration, were analyzed.
  • Efficacy in protecting hematopoietic progenitors and various organs was assessed.

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Main Results:

  • Amifostine demonstrated significant protection for hematopoietic progenitors against agents like cisplatin and doxorubicin, and radiation.
  • It also protected organs such as kidneys, salivary glands, and liver.
  • The primary side effects observed were vomiting and hypotension.

Conclusions:

  • Amifostine is an effective cytoprotective agent with a favorable safety profile.
  • Its selective protection of normal tissues makes it valuable in cancer therapy.
  • FDA approval supports its use in treating advanced ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer.