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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Assessment of Radial Pulse
The radial pulse, located at the wrist, is often the preferred site for assessing peripheral pulse because of its accessibility and dependability. The process of determining the radial pulse involves several steps:
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Extensile posterior approach to the radius.

H Elgafy1, N A Ebraheim, R A Yeasting

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43614-5807, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|May 16, 2000
PubMed
Summary

This study details an extensile posterior radius approach in 20 cadaveric specimens. It identifies critical anatomical landmarks and nerve pathways for safe surgical access to the distal radius.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The distal radius is a common site for fractures and other orthopedic conditions.
  • Surgical approaches to the distal radius require careful consideration of surrounding neurovascular structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To anatomically evaluate an extensile posterior approach to the radius.
  • To identify potential risks to the posterior interosseous nerve and its branches during this surgical approach.

Main Methods:

  • An extensile posterior approach was performed on 20 upper limb cadaveric specimens.
  • Detailed dissection was conducted to identify the posterior interosseous nerve and surrounding muscles.
  • The course and branching patterns of the posterior interosseous nerve were analyzed in relation to the surgical exposure.

Main Results:

  • The study precisely mapped the dissection planes between forearm muscles, including the extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi radialis brevis.
  • The posterior interosseous nerve was identified and its relationship with the supinator muscle was clarified.
  • Retraction techniques for the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles were described for optimal distal radius visualization.

Conclusions:

  • The extensile posterior approach provides adequate exposure to the distal radius.
  • Understanding the anatomy of the posterior interosseous nerve and its branches is crucial for minimizing iatrogenic injury during this approach.