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Bacteriophage MS-2 in the immune response.

H Snippe, M J de Reuver, M Belder

    International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bacteriophage MS-2 is typically thymus-dependent, requiring T-cell involvement for antibody formation. However, high doses of this antigen can elicit a thymus-independent immune response.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Microbiology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • The immune response to bacteriophages is crucial for understanding host-pathogen interactions.
    • Bacteriophage MS-2 serves as a model antigen for studying immune mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of T-cells in the immune response to bacteriophage MS-2.
    • To determine the dose-dependent nature of MS-2 antigenicity in immune responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Experiments were conducted using thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow-reconstituted (TXBM) mice.
    • Immune responses were assessed using varying doses of bacteriophage MS-2.
    • Cellular activity was evaluated through (3H)-thymidine incorporation assays.
    • T-cell involvement was further examined using anti-thymocyte serum and cyclophosphamide treatments.

    Main Results:

    • A normal immune response to MS-2 was observed in TXBM mice with high antigen doses.
    • A 50-fold lower dose of MS-2 resulted in an impaired response, suggesting T-cell dependence.
    • In vitro stimulation confirmed the activity of both B and T cells upon MS-2 exposure.
    • Optimal sensitization and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH) elicitation occurred at doses inducing a normal TXBM response.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacteriophage MS-2 is predominantly a thymus-dependent antigen.
    • The immune response to MS-2 exhibits thymus independence only at high antigen concentrations.
    • T-cell involvement is critical for effective antibody formation against MS-2, especially at lower doses.

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