Quantitative analysis of film coating in a fluidized bed process by in-line NIR spectrometry and multivariate batch...

A method is described which enables real-time analysis of film coating on pharmaceutical pellets during an industrial manufacturing process. Measurements were conducted on the solid particulate material by near-infrared (NIR) spectrometry utilizing a diffuse reflectance fiber-optic probe positioned inside a fluidized bed process vessel. Time series of NIR spectra from 11 batches generated a three-way data matrix that was unfolded and modeled by partial least squares (PLS) in a multivariate batch calibration. The process conditions were deliberately varied according to an experimental design. This yielded good predictability of the coating thickness with a best model fit, R2 = 0.97, for one PLS-projection, and a root-mean-square error of calibration = 2.2 microm (range tested 0-50 microm). The regression vector was shown to be highly influenced by responses that are both direct (aliphatic C-H stretch overtones) and indirect (aromatic C-H stretch overtones), from film component and core material, respectively. The impact of different data pre-treatment methods on the normalization of the regression vector is reported. Justification of the process calibration approach is emphasized by good correlation between values predicted from NIR data and reference image analysis data on dissected pellets and a theoretical nonlinear coating thickness growth model. General aspects of in-line NIR on solids and multivariate batch calibration are discussed.