[A new case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis]

Authors describe another case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens in France. A 26-year-old woman was infected while on vacation in Cap d'Agde on the Mediterranean coast. The patient presented with a subcutaneous nodule in the right subclavicular region. Examination of the nodule after surgical excision revealed the presence of a worm identified as an immature female Dirofilaria repens. Dirofilariasis is a rare anthroponotic disease encountered only in the Old World, particularly in Southeastern France including Corsica which has the second highest number of reported cases after Italy. Since man is a dead-end for the parasite, Dirofilaria repens does not mature and hence most human infections present as isolated subcutaneous nodules. Nodules are usually located in areas exposed to bites by the dipteres, i.e. the face (46 p. 100 of cases reported in the world) and the periocular and palpebral region (30 p. 100). Diagnosis is based mainly on morphological examination of the worm after surgical excision. However promising results in diagnosis of ocular and visceral forms of Dirofilaria repens and understanding of helminthiasis have been achieved thanks to progress in immunological techniques, i.e., ELISA and western blot, and DNA analysis based on polymerase chain reaction.