[Histopathologic consultations for quality control. Ethical aspects]

Histopathology and cytopathology are subjective, descriptive methods and there is a need for second opinion of second pathologist. This should be solved in a systematic way from both, organisational and financial point o view. This could not rely on a friendly consultation of a colleague pathologist only. Consultations are integral part of quality assurance and quality control. Quality control in gynaecological cytopathology is associated with reexamination of 1 in every 100 negative cytological smears. High grade dysplasia of the gastric mucosa requires rapid second endoscopy and second opinion prior to gastrectomy. All this is discussed from the point of view of common sense and ethics which (thanks God) are compatible. Protection against unwanted genetic molecular tests still is not satisfactory.