Radiation risk estimation in varicocele embolization

Varicocele embolization is performed in healthy young men with normal life expectancy. Therefore, it is essential that the radiation risks associated with the procedure are minimized. The radiation risks associated with varicocele embolization have been estimated retrospectively from dose-area product records in a series of 41 cases and compared with a prospective series of 10 cases. Lithium fluoride dosemeters were used to measure gonad dose in the prospective series. Estimated lifetime fatal cancer risk was of the order of 0.1% in the retrospective series. A seven-fold reduction in median radiation dose was observed in the prospective series. The results indicate that with meticulous attention to technique, substantial reductions in radiation exposure can be achieved.