[The use of laboratory animals or alternatives in fundamental research]

The use of animals in fundamental and applied research has become a point of controversy. Animals were first used for food or as pets and a historical overview is given. Research was applied or empirical. Fundamental research only developed in the 18th century, without much consideration for animal welfare. It is concluded that even now the use of animals for research remains necessary. However, one should also use alternative methods as often as possible, taking into consideration the three R's: reduction, refinement and replacement. We would like to add the use of comparative research in order to look for animal models in lower vertebrates.