Genetic disposition to alcoholism. An EEG study in alcoholics and their relatives

Family, twin, and adoption studies have shown that genetic factors are involved in the etiology of alcoholism. Based on earlier EEG findings in alcoholics and on the known genetic determination of the alcohol effect on the EEG, the hypothesis was tested whether the resting EEG reflects a certain disposition to alcoholism. Resting EEGs were examined for 115 alcoholics (78 males, 37 females) and matched controls. In addition, the first-degree relatives of two extreme groups of alcoholics--those with poor and those with particularly good alpha waves--were examined and compared with matched controls. The EEGs were analyzed with an EEG processor. Whereas male alcoholics did not differ from their controls, female patients showed a shift from the alpha and theta to the beta bands of the brain wave pattern. The relatives of the two extreme groups of alcoholics, who did not misuse alcohol, exhibited the same tendency. This is an argument supporting the notion that in females a poorly synchronized EEG pattern reflects a certain disposition to alcoholism. This finding is discussed in light of drinking motivation in males and females. The latter more often belong to the alpha- and gamma-types of alcoholism than do males. Because of comparable findings in schizophrenics it is argued that a genetically determined desynchronized resting EEG pattern is not specific for a certain illness, but reflects basic mechanisms that enhance the risk for different psychiatric disorders.