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Month of birth and subsequent development of type I diabetes (IDDM)

Z Laron1, I Shamis, D Nitzan-Kaluski

  • 1Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqva.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|May 23, 2000
PubMed

Insights

Seasonal birth patterns for childhood diabetes (IDDM) differ between Jewish and Arab children in Israel. Jewish children show spring peaks, unlike Arab children, suggesting differing environmental or genetic factors.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (IDDM) incidence varies globally.
  • Seasonal birth patterns may indicate environmental influences on IDDM development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate seasonal birth patterns in Israeli children with IDDM.
  • To compare these patterns with total live births and between ethnic groups (Jews and Arabs).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of birth months for 1095 children with IDDM (0-17 years) in Israel (1980-1993).
  • Comparison with 20-year live birth data as a control.
  • Separate analysis for high-incidence Jewish and low-incidence Arab populations.

Main Results:

  • Significant seasonal birth pattern differences were observed between Jewish and Arab IDDM populations.
  • Jewish IDDM births peaked in spring (April-June), contrasting with winter lows.
  • Arab IDDM births showed an inverse pattern, differing from total live births in the Jewish group.

Conclusions:

  • Findings in Jewish children support the hypothesis of viral triggers during pregnancy or early infancy.
  • A protective immune or genetic mechanism may exist in the Arab population, explaining lower IDDM incidence.

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