Phase transition in dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide and chloride vesicles prepared by different methods

The gel to liquid crystalline phase transition of the double-chained cationic dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride and bromide (DODAX, X = Cl- or Br-) in aqueous vesicle dispersions prepared by non-sonication. sonication and extrusion has been investigated using high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The transition temperature (Tm) is a function of the preparation method, amphiphile concentration, vesicle curvature and nature of the counterion. DSC thermograms for DODAB and DODAC non-sonicated vesicle dispersions exhibit a single endothermic peak at Tm roughly independent of concentration up to 10 mM. Extrusion broadens the transition peak and shifts Tm downwards. Sonication, however, broadens slightly the transition peak and tends to shift Tm upwards suggesting that extrusion and sonication form vesicles with different characteristics. DODAC always exhibits higher Tm than DODAB irrespective of the preparation method. Tm changes as follows: Tm (sonicated) > or = Tm (non-sonicated) > Tm (extruded). Hysteresis of about 7 degrees C was observed for DODAB vesicle dispersions.