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Simian immunodeficiency viruses of diverse origin can use CXCR4 as a coreceptor for entry into human cells

S M Owen1, S Masciotra, F Novembre

  • 1HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Virology
|May 24, 2000
PubMed

Insights

Primary simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) can infect human cells using various coreceptors. Notably, some SIV strains utilize CXCR4, a pathway also used by human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV).

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Primate research

Background:

  • Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a lentivirus that infects non-human primates.
  • SIV is the precursor to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Understanding SIV coreceptor usage is crucial for studying HIV pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coreceptor usage of primary SIV isolates from diverse primate species.
  • To determine if SIV can infect human cells and identify the specific coreceptors involved.

Main Methods:

  • Primary SIV isolates from sooty mangabey, stumptail, mandrill, and African green primates were used.
  • Infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CCR5(+/+) and CCR5(-/-) donors was assessed.
  • Coreceptor utilization was analyzed using GHOST and U87 cell lines, testing for CCR5, STRL33, GPR15, CCR2b, CCR3, CCR8, CX3CR1, and CXCR4.

Main Results:

  • All tested SIV isolates infected human PBMCs.
  • Seven of eight isolates infected CCR5(-/-) PBMCs, indicating CCR5-independent entry pathways.
  • All isolates utilized CCR5, STRL33, and GPR15.
  • Some isolates used CCR2b, CCR3, CCR8, and CX3CR1.
  • Crucially, SIVstm, SIVagm, and four SIVsm isolates used CXCR4 for viral entry.

Conclusions:

  • Primary SIV isolates exhibit broad coreceptor usage, including CCR5, STRL33, GPR15, and other chemokine receptors.
  • The use of CXCR4 by diverse SIV isolates mirrors findings for human immunodeficiency viruses.
  • These findings highlight potential shared mechanisms of viral entry between SIV and HIV, offering insights into cross-species transmission and viral adaptation.

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