Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification01:29

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

1.5K
Spasmolytic agents are drugs used to alleviate muscle spasms and spasticity. They can be categorized into different chemical groups based on their mechanisms of action. Centrally acting spasmolytics primarily affect the spinal cord, while others directly target skeletal muscle cells.
A major class of centrally acting spasmolytics is the α2-agonist, such as tizanidine. These drugs bind to α2-adrenoceptors, inhibiting the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They also...
1.5K
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

1.7K
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
1.7K
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

1.5K
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
1.5K
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

1.0K
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
1.0K
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

981
Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
981
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

222
Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
222

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Controlled trials: nuisance or necessity?

Methods of information in medicine·2011
Same author

Demystifying central review boards: current options and future directions.

IRB·2002
Same author

The mind and morality of the doctor. II. The physician and the macrocosm. 1965.

The Yale journal of biology and medicine·2002
Same author

Diuretics vs alpha-blockers for treatment of hypertension: lessons from ALLHAT. Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial.

JAMA·2000
Same author

Balancing risks versus benefits in drug therapy decisions.

Clinical therapeutics·1999
Same author

Issues facing the new FDA commissioner.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·1998
Same journal

Correction to I.M. Matters News: Sleep medicine for seniors.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Adverse Events After Same-Day COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination Versus Influenza Vaccination Alone : A Target Trial Emulation.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Leveraging Real-World Evidence to Inform Regulatory, Clinical, and Coverage Decisions Related to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Based Therapies: Synopsis of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Methodological Approaches to Real-World Evidence Generation for Glucagon-like Peptide-1-Based Therapies: Synopsis of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Workshop.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Weekly and Biweekly Treatment With Bofanglutide Versus Semaglutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes : A Phase 2b Randomized Clinical Trial.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Grappling with GLP-1 prescribing.

Annals of internal medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
12:02

An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

Published on: November 2, 2016

14.4K

Propoxyphene napsylate.

L Lasagna

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |November 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Propoxyphene napsylate offers advantages over the hydrochloride salt, including better stability with aspirin and potentially different poisoning profiles. Equimolar doses may be interchangeable for pain relief, but abuse and fatalities remain concerns.

    More Related Videos

    Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
    06:06

    Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

    Published on: February 5, 2018

    26.5K
    Production and Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Mimics
    10:32

    Production and Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Mimics

    Published on: April 10, 2026

    424

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 2, 2026

    An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity
    12:02

    An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Peptoids with Mixed Lysine-type/Arginine-type Monomers and Evaluation of Their Anti-leishmanial Activity

    Published on: November 2, 2016

    14.4K
    Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones
    06:06

    Color Spot Test As a Presumptive Tool for the Rapid Detection of Synthetic Cathinones

    Published on: February 5, 2018

    26.5K
    Production and Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Mimics
    10:32

    Production and Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Mimics

    Published on: April 10, 2026

    424

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Toxicology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Propoxyphene exists as hydrochloride and napsylate salts with distinct properties.
    • The hydrochloride salt has faced scrutiny regarding safety and abuse potential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare propoxyphene napsylate and propoxyphene hydrochloride.
    • To evaluate differences in solubility, stability, and potential toxicity.
    • To discuss the clinical role and safety concerns of propoxyphene.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of salt properties.
    • Review of existing animal toxicity data.
    • Discussion of clinical use, abuse, and fatality data.

    Main Results:

    • Propoxyphene napsylate exhibits lower solubility and bitterness compared to the hydrochloride salt.
    • Napsylate salt shows improved stability when formulated with aspirin.
    • Animal studies suggest potential differences in poisoning patterns between the two salts.
    • Equimolar doses of both salts are likely interchangeable for pain relief.

    Conclusions:

    • Propoxyphene napsylate presents formulation and palatability advantages.
    • Further investigation into differential toxicity may be warranted.
    • The clinical utility of propoxyphene must be balanced against risks of abuse and fatalities.