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Risk factors for perimenopausal fractures: a prospective study.
J Huopio1, H Kröger, R Honkanen
1Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. jukka.huopio@uku.fi
Summary
Low bone density, prior fractures, not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), multiple chronic illnesses, and smoking are key risk factors for fractures in perimenopausal women. These factors increase fracture risk significantly during this life stage.
Area of Science:
- Osteoporosis Research
- Women's Health
- Gerontology
Background:
- Perimenopausal women face unique bone health challenges.
- Identifying fracture risk factors is crucial for preventative strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine independent risk factors for fracture development in perimenopausal women.
- To differentiate risk factors for osteoporotic versus other fracture types.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study of 3068 women aged 47-56 years.
- Follow-up period of 3.6 years.
- Analysis of bone mineral density (BMD), fracture history, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, chronic illnesses, and smoking.
Main Results:
- Low BMD, previous fracture history, nonuse of HRT, multiple chronic illnesses, and smoking were independent risk factors for fractures.
- Risk factors varied slightly between osteoporotic and other fracture types.
- Spinal and femoral neck BMD showed similar risk gradients.
Conclusions:
- Low bone density, prior fractures, lack of HRT, multiple comorbidities, and smoking are significant predictors of perimenopausal fractures.
- These findings aid in targeted fracture prevention interventions for this demographic.