[Cranial nonmetric variation of Yayoi people in the Kyushu District]

The Yayoi people in Kyushu and Yamaguchi area are generally classified by metrical analyses mainly into the Yayoi people in the northern Kyushu and Yamaguchi area who are regarded as migrants from the Asian Continent and their posterity and the Yayoi people in the northwestern Kyushu who are regarded as having inherited the characteristics of the Jomon people. Such classification is verified by the analysis with the 22 traits in the cranial nonmetric variation. Of the 22 traits, supraorbital foramen, transverse zygomatic suture vestige, biasterionic suture vestige, jugular foramen bridging, hypoglossal foramen bridging, pterygospinous foramen, mylohyoid bridging and tympanic dehiscence are particularly important as the traits to classify two types of Yayoi peoples. The analysis by the C. A. B. Smith's Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) suggests that out of the migrant Yayoi peoples, the very Yayoi people who are closely related to the formation of the modern Japanese are the ones in the northern Kyushu area, not the ones in the Doigahama site. Also, it is assumed that the appearance and disappearance of cranial nonmetric variations is affected by genetic elements, because the incidencies of cranial nonmetric variations is largely different between two types of Yayoi peoples in infants like in adults. Lastly the cranial nonmetric variation in the people of the period equivalent to Jomon and Yayoi in the Okinawa district, and in the Kofun people in southern Kyushu area, was briefly introduced.