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Natriuretic peptides in fish physiology.

C A Loretz1, C Pollina

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Box 601300, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1300, USA. loretz@acsu.buffalo.edu

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology
|May 29, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Fish natriuretic peptides, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), regulate salt and water balance. These hormones primarily facilitate salt extrusion at the gills and limit salt uptake, aiding seawater adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Marine biology

Background:

  • Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are a family of hormones, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and ventricular natriuretic peptide (VNP), found in fish.
  • While brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is not definitively identified in fish, NPs may have evolved from a CNP-like brain peptide.
  • Primary synthesis sites include the heart and brain, with local paracrine regulation also occurring in tissues like the intestine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diverse roles and mechanisms of natriuretic peptides in fish osmoregulation.
  • To investigate the evolutionary origins and receptor interactions of fish natriuretic peptides.
  • To compare the physiological functions of natriuretic peptides in fish with those in mammals.

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Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences to infer evolutionary relationships.
  • Examination of receptor binding and tissue responsiveness using piscine reagents.
  • Physiological studies in teleosts and elasmobranchs to determine stimuli for NP secretion.

Main Results:

  • Natriuretic peptides are vasorelaxant in fish, similar to mammals.
  • Unlike mammals, fish NPs primarily promote salt extrusion via gills and rectal glands and limit intestinal salt uptake.
  • Hypernatremia and hypervolemia stimulate cardiac NP secretion in teleosts, while hypervolemia is the main stimulus in elasmobranchs.

Conclusions:

  • Natriuretic peptides function as key seawater-adapting hormones in fish.
  • Target organs include gills, rectal gland, kidney, and intestine, regulated by NP receptors (A, B, C, D types).
  • NPs act directly on ion-transporting cells and indirectly via vascular flow, drinking inhibition, and endocrine interactions.