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Related Experiment Videos

Fruits and vegetables increase plasma carotenoids and vitamins and decrease homocysteine in humans.

W M Broekmans1, I A Klöpping-Ketelaars, C R Schuurman

  • 1TNO Nutrition and Food Research, 3700 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Nutrition
|May 29, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Increasing fruit and vegetable intake to "five a day" significantly boosts plasma carotenoids and vitamin C. This dietary change also lowers plasma homocysteine, a marker for chronic disease risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Observational studies link high fruit and vegetable intake to reduced chronic disease risk.
  • Limited knowledge exists on the bioavailability of fruit and vegetable constituents and their impact on disease risk markers.
  • Current dietary recommendations encourage consuming a mix of fruits and vegetables daily.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a "five a day" fruit and vegetable intake on plasma concentrations of carotenoids, vitamins, and homocysteine.
  • To compare the effects of a high (500g/day) versus a low (100g/day) fruit and vegetable diet in a controlled intervention study.

Main Methods:

  • A 4-week, parallel, dietary-controlled intervention study involving 47 healthy volunteers.
  • Participants were randomly assigned to either a high (500g/day) or low (100g/day) fruit and vegetable diet.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Plasma levels of carotenoids (lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene), vitamin C, folate, and homocysteine were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • The high fruit and vegetable group showed significant increases in plasma lutein (46%), beta-cryptoxanthin (128%), lycopene (22%), alpha-carotene (121%), beta-carotene (45%), and vitamin C (64%).
    • Plasma homocysteine concentrations were significantly lower (11%) in the high intake group compared to the low intake group.
    • Plasma folate concentrations were significantly higher (15%) in the high intake group.

    Conclusions:

    • A daily intake of 500g of mixed fruits and vegetables effectively increases plasma carotenoid and vitamin C levels.
    • This dietary pattern, with moderate folate content, is associated with decreased plasma homocysteine concentrations in humans.
    • The findings support the "five a day" recommendation for improving key nutritional biomarkers and potentially reducing chronic disease risk.