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Related Experiment Videos

The medial crosssover toe: a cadaveric dissection.

J T Deland1, I H Sung

  • 1Cornell University Medical College, Foot and Ankle Services, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Foot & Ankle International
|June 1, 2000
PubMed
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A medial crossover second toe, often linked to hallux valgus, involves complex soft tissue changes. These anatomical alterations, including flexor tendon displacement and plantar plate deformity, complicate surgical correction.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Foot and ankle anatomy

Background:

  • Medial crossover second toe is a common condition, frequently associated with hallux valgus.
  • This toe deformity can lead to pain and presents challenges for surgical correction.
  • The detailed pathologic anatomy of this condition remains incompletely described.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the detailed pathologic anatomy of a medial crossover second toe.
  • To understand the soft tissue structures involved in this deformity through cadaveric dissection.

Main Methods:

  • Cadaveric dissection of a specimen exhibiting a complete medial crossover second toe.
  • Detailed examination of soft tissue structures, including tendons, ligaments, and the plantar plate.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Medial displacement of flexor tendons and the plantar plate, with associated plantar plate deformity.
  • Contracture of medial collateral ligaments and rupture of lateral collateral ligaments were observed.
  • Both the plantar plate and collateral ligaments, key stabilizers of the lesser MP joint, were significantly affected.

Conclusions:

  • Extensive soft tissue changes, including plantar plate attenuation and flexor tendon displacement, contribute to muscle imbalance across the MP joint.
  • These findings explain the difficulties in achieving long-term correction of medial crossover toe with soft tissue procedures.
  • Standard surgical interventions may not address the underlying plantar plate deformity, risking incomplete correction.