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Comparative study between children with and without cleft lip and cleft palate, part 2: electromyographic analysis
M J Ravera1, R Miralles, H Santander
1Institute of Rehabilitation of Maxillofacial Malformations and Deformities, Faculty of Odontology, University of Chile, Santiago.
Summary
Children with repaired cleft lip and palate show higher resting muscle activity. This may impact facial growth, suggesting potential iatrogenic effects from surgical treatment.
Area of Science:
- Craniofacial surgery
- Pediatric dentistry
- Speech pathology
Background:
- Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are common congenital conditions affecting facial development.
- Altered muscle function in the lip and palate can influence speech, feeding, and facial growth.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superior orbicularis oris muscle in children with repaired CLP versus controls.
- To investigate potential correlations between muscle activity and facial growth in children with CLP.
Main Methods:
- EMG recordings of the superior orbicularis oris muscle were performed in 28 children (14 with repaired CLP, 14 controls).
- Activity was measured at rest and during saliva swallowing, speech, and chewing/swallowing of an apple.
- Participants were assessed for lip seal, midface development, and body posture.
Main Results:
- Significantly higher resting EMG activity and during saliva swallowing were observed in the repaired CLP group.
- No significant differences in EMG activity were found during speech or chewing/swallowing of an apple.
- No significant correlation was found between cephalometric data and EMG findings.
Conclusions:
- Children with repaired CLP exhibit altered superior orbicularis oris muscle activity, particularly at rest and during saliva swallowing.
- These findings may suggest an iatrogenic effect of surgical treatment on facial growth, potentially due to increased muscular force on the maxilla.
- Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between muscle activity, surgical interventions, and long-term facial growth outcomes in CLP patients.