Electron transfer properties of iron-sulfur proteins

The details of most electron transfer reactions involving iron-sulfur proteins have remained undisclosed because of the lack of experimental methods suitable to measure precisely the relevant rates. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides a powerful means to overcome these problems, at least with selected proteins. A combination of NMR studies and site-directed mutagenesis experiments has been instrumental in defining both the site of interaction and the main trends of the intracomplex electron transfer in the case of rubredoxin electron self-exchange. Analysis of the NMR data obtained for mixtures of different redox levels of several 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxins provided both first-order, for intramolecular, and second-order, for intermolecular, rate constants. Their dependence as a function of structural changes gave insight into the mechanism of electron transfer in this type of protein. Contrary to some expectations, the high-spin [4Fe-4Se]+ clusters assembled in isopotential ferredoxins do not change the intramolecular electron transfer rate as compared to low-spin [4Fe-4S]+ homologs. In combination with activity measurements, the kinetic data have been used to model the electron transfer competent complexes between Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin and the main enzymes acting as redox partners in vivo.