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Cadmium carcinogenesis in review.

M P Waalkes1

  • 1Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27706, USA. waalkes@niehs.nih.gov

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
|June 1, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Cadmium exposure is linked to lung and prostate cancer in humans and rodents. Supplemental zinc can alter cadmium

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Cadmium is an inorganic toxicant recognized as a human carcinogen.
  • Occupational exposure to cadmium is a significant environmental and health concern.
  • Previous studies suggest links between cadmium exposure and lung and prostate cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for cadmium's role in human and rodent carcinogenesis.
  • To explore the mechanisms and target organs of cadmium-induced tumors.
  • To examine the influence of factors like supplemental zinc on cadmium carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on human cadmium exposure and cancer.
  • Analysis of experimental studies on cadmium-induced tumors in rodents.
  • Investigation of modifying factors in cadmium carcinogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Strong epidemiological evidence links occupational cadmium exposure to human lung cancer.
  • Cadmium exposure is also associated with prostate cancer, though evidence is weaker.
  • Rodent studies demonstrate cadmium induces tumors in lungs, prostate, testes, and other sites, often via indirect mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Cadmium is a confirmed human carcinogen, primarily targeting the lungs and potentially the prostate.
  • Rodent models support cadmium's carcinogenic potential across multiple organs.
  • Mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis are not fully elucidated but likely involve indirect pathways, and can be modulated by factors such as zinc.

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