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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Ablation of a Neuronal Population Using a Two-photon Laser and Its Assessment Using Calcium Imaging and Behavioral Recording in Zebrafish Larvae

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Published on: June 2, 2018

Phenotypic suppression of empty spiracles is prevented by buttonhead.

F Schöck¹, J Reischl, E Wimmer

¹Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Abt. Molekulare Entwicklungsbiologie, Göttingen, Germany.

|June 1, 2000

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The empty spiracles (ems) gene in Drosophila head development can switch segment identity when its activity is altered. Interactions with buttonhead (btd) may allow ems to overcome its suppression in the HOX-gene hierarchy.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Anterior head segments in Drosophila develop independently of pair-rule and HOX-cluster genes.
Gap-like genes, including orthodenticle (otd), empty spiracles (ems), and buttonhead (btd), regulate head segment formation.
Empty spiracles (ems) possesses a HOX-like homeodomain and can confer trunk segment identity when HOX-cluster gene activity is absent.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of empty spiracles (ems) and buttonhead (btd) in Drosophila segment identity.
To elucidate the interaction between ems and btd in the context of the HOX-gene hierarchy.

Main Methods:

Misexpression experiments of EMS and BTD in Drosophila embryos.
In vitro interaction studies between EMS and BTD proteins.

Main Results:

Misexpression of EMS in the head alters segment identity in a btd-dependent manner.
Misexpression of BTD in the trunk induces ems-dependent structures.
EMS and BTD proteins interact in vitro.

Conclusions:

The interaction between EMS and BTD may enable ems to escape suppression within the HOX-gene hierarchy.
This interaction could facilitate a dominant switch in homeotic prevalence along the anterior-posterior axis.