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Microbial pathogens with impaired ability to acquire host iron.

E D Weinberg1

  • 1Department of Biology and Program in Medical Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA. eweinber@indiana.edu

Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine
|June 1, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Certain pathogens struggle to acquire iron from healthy hosts, making them dangerous for individuals with iron overload conditions like alcoholism or beta-thalassemia major. This study details six such impaired pathogens and their link to iron-loaded humans.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Microbial pathogens require iron for growth.
  • Iron acquisition is a critical virulence factor for pathogens.
  • Some pathogens have impaired iron uptake mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the association between specific impaired pathogens and individuals with iron-loading conditions.
  • To highlight pathogens that pose a greater risk to immunocompromised or iron-overloaded hosts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and case study analysis.
  • Identification of pathogens with known iron acquisition deficiencies.
  • Correlation analysis between pathogen presence and host iron status.

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Main Results:

  • Six pathogens (Capnocytophaga canimorsis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Vibrio vulnificus, Tropheryma whippelii, Legionella pneumophila) are associated with iron-loaded individuals.
  • Impaired iron acquisition limits pathogen success in healthy hosts.
  • Iron overload conditions exacerbate infections caused by these pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Host iron status significantly influences the pathogenicity of certain microbes.
  • Individuals with conditions like alcoholism, asplenia, hemochromatosis, beta-thalassemia major, and tobacco use are at higher risk from these specific pathogens.
  • Understanding pathogen iron acquisition is crucial for targeted therapies and risk assessment.