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Polio eradication--target 2000.

S Gomber1, K N Agarwal

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, UCMS & G.T.B. Hospital, Shahdara, Delhi.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
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Poliomyelitis can be eradicated because humans are the only reservoir and vaccines exist. Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is key for global eradication due to its effectiveness and ease of use.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Poliovirus, an enterovirus, exists in three types, with type 1 being the most common cause of paralysis.
  • Poliomyelitis is a potentially eradicable disease as humans are the sole reservoir, and effective vaccines are available.
  • Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) primarily induces humoral immunity, while oral polio vaccine (OPV) provides both intestinal and humoral immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the global eradication strategy for poliomyelitis.
  • To discuss the declining incidence of poliomyelitis and identify key reservoirs of wild poliovirus.
  • To outline the essential components of a successful polio eradication strategy.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews the characteristics of poliovirus and available vaccines (IPV and OPV).

Related Experiment Videos

  • It analyzes the global incidence of poliomyelitis and identifies current endemic regions.
  • The strategy for polio eradication is described, emphasizing vaccination and surveillance.

    • Main Results:

    • Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is recommended by the WHO for global eradication due to its superior ability to inhibit wild poliovirus spread, low cost, and ease of administration.
    • Poliomyelitis incidence is declining, with 145 out of 213 countries reporting zero cases.
    • Central Africa and South Asia, particularly the Indian subcontinent, remain principal reservoirs for wild poliovirus.

    Conclusions:

    • Poliomyelitis eradication is achievable through sustained high immunization levels, mass vaccination campaigns using OPV, sensitive surveillance systems, and targeted interventions.
    • Strong political commitment, exemplified by India's efforts, is crucial for achieving a polio-free world.