Comparison of selected perceptual variables for backpacks with internal and external frames

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Human Factors Engineering
• Sports Science

Background:

• Backpack design significantly influences user experience and physiological responses during load carriage.
• Understanding the biomechanical and perceptual differences between internal-frame and external-frame backpacks is crucial for optimizing hiking gear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare user perceptions of comfort, exertion, balance, and heart rate between internal-frame and external-frame backpacks.
• To determine which backpack type offers superior performance in simulated hiking conditions.

Main Methods:

• Twenty male volunteers participated in a randomized cross-over trial involving simulated hiking with 18.2 kg loads.
• Subjects completed a 30-m obstacle course with either an internal-frame or external-frame backpack.
• Perceived comfort, balance, stability, and exertion were rated post-trial; heart rate was measured pre- and post-trial.

Main Results:

• A significant difference was found in the rating of perceived exertion, favoring the internal-frame backpack.
• No significant differences were observed in perceived comfort or balance and stability between the two backpack types.
• Heart rate data did not show significant variations between the backpack conditions.

Conclusions:

• Internal-frame backpacks may reduce perceived exertion during short, strenuous hikes compared to external-frame backpacks.
• Both backpack designs appear to offer comparable comfort and balance under the tested conditions.
• Backpack frame type can influence perceived exertion, suggesting potential benefits for internal frames in specific hiking scenarios.