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Brassica vegetables increase and apiaceous vegetables decrease cytochrome P450 1A2 activity in humans: changes in

J W Lampe1, I B King, S Li

  • 1Cancer Prevention Research Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. jlampe@fhcrc.org

Carcinogenesis
|June 3, 2000
PubMed
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Vegetable consumption significantly impacts human biotransformation enzymes. Brassica vegetables induce, while apiaceous vegetables inhibit, cytochrome P450 1A2 activity, affecting cancer risk. Other enzyme activities remained unaffected.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional biochemistry
  • Human metabolism
  • Cancer prevention research

Background:

  • Vegetables play a role in cancer risk modulation through biotransformation enzyme activity.
  • Enzymes like cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), and xanthine oxidase metabolize xenobiotics.
  • Understanding vegetable effects on these enzymes is crucial for dietary cancer prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different vegetable diets on human biotransformation enzyme activities.
  • To determine if specific vegetable groups differentially affect CYP1A2, NAT2, and xanthine oxidase.
  • To clarify the complex relationship between vegetable intake and enzyme-mediated xenobiotic metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized crossover study involving 36 healthy adults (20-40 years old).

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  • Participants consumed four controlled diets: basal (vegetable-free) and basal supplemented with brassica, allium, or apiaceous vegetables.
  • Enzyme activities (CYP1A2, NAT2, xanthine oxidase) were assessed by measuring urinary caffeine metabolite ratios after caffeine ingestion.

    • Main Results:

    • Diet significantly altered cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity (P ≤ 0.0005).
    • Brassica vegetables increased CYP1A2 activity (P < 0.04), while apiaceous vegetables decreased it (P ≤ 0.02) compared to basal and allium diets.
    • No significant dietary effects were observed on N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and xanthine oxidase activities.

    Conclusions:

    • Dietary intake of specific vegetable subgroups differentially modulates human CYP1A2 activity.
    • Brassica and apiaceous vegetables exert opposing effects on CYP1A2, highlighting a complex dietary influence.
    • The findings suggest challenges in interpreting observational studies on vegetable consumption and cancer risk due to variable enzyme modulation.