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Related Experiment Videos

Inhaled insulin.

Patton1, Bukar, Nagarajan

  • 1Inhale Therapeutic Systems, 150 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|June 6, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inhaled insulin offers a safe and effective alternative for mealtime glucose control in diabetics. This method provides comparable glycemic control to subcutaneous injections with faster absorption and improved convenience.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Inhalation of regular insulin has a long history, with studies dating back to 1925.
  • Previous research demonstrated insulin absorption and blood glucose lowering without penetration enhancers.
  • Early concerns about dosing variability have been addressed by modern delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and reliability of inhaled insulin for mealtime glucose control in Type I and Type II diabetics.
  • To compare the effectiveness of inhaled insulin with traditional subcutaneous (SC) injections.
  • To assess inhaled insulin as an adjunctive therapy for Type II diabetics not adequately controlled by oral agents.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel inhaled dry powder insulin delivery system in controlled studies.

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  • Administered inhaled insulin for 3-month periods to assess mealtime glucose control.
  • Monitored glycemic control using hemoglobin A1c levels and assessed tolerability and patient satisfaction.

    • Main Results:

    • Inhaled insulin demonstrated equivalent glucose control compared to SC injection, as measured by hemoglobin A1c.
    • Adjunctive inhaled insulin therapy significantly improved glycemic control in Type II diabetics failing oral medications, with a low risk of hypoglycemia.
    • The delivery system was found to be efficacious, well-tolerated, and produced reproducible results over the 3-month study period.
    • Inhaled insulin exhibited faster absorption (peak 5-60 min) and clearance compared to SC injection (peak 60-150 min).

    Conclusions:

    • Inhaled insulin is a safe, efficacious, and reliable option for mealtime glucose management in both Type I and Type II diabetes.
    • The rapid absorption profile of inhaled insulin makes it particularly suitable and convenient for mealtime glucose control.
    • Modern inhaled insulin delivery systems offer reproducible results, comparable or superior to SC injections, addressing earlier variability concerns.