Biohybrid artificial pancreas based on macrocapsule device

On the basis of an overview of the current methodologies used for biohybrid artificial pancreas (BAP) and a critical analysis of the problems in designing the BAP devices, especially macrocapsule systems, a new type of refillable BAP is proposed. The following highlights the unique features of this design: (1) use of a thermally reversible synthetic hydrogel made of N-isopropylacrylamide based copolymer as an extracellular matrix facilitates the recharge of the encapsulated islets whenever necessary; (2) use of a pouch system composed of an inert processable immunoprotective membrane with appropriate mechanical, chemical and transportation properties makes it easy to fabricate the BAP device; (3) introduction of an oxygen carrying polymer ensures an adequate supply of oxygen to maintain high viability and function of the islets; (4) incorporation of biospecific polymers within the matrix to stimulate insulin secretion from islets may decrease the number of islets required, consequently resulting in reduced implant volume. The design concept and technology may also be utilized to deliver cells to treat other hormone deficiency syndromes. This paper also discusses the future development of BAPs.