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The lateral ankle sprain: an experimental study.

L S Dias

    The Journal of Trauma
    |April 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Lateral ankle sprains typically begin with an anterior fibulotalar ligament rupture. However, supination in a neutral ankle position may first cause a fibulocalcaneal ligament tear. A grading system is proposed.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Biomechanics
    • Sports Medicine

    Background:

    • Lateral ankle sprains are common injuries.
    • Understanding the precise injury mechanisms is crucial for effective treatment and prevention.
    • Ligamentous structures and ankle positioning significantly influence injury patterns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally investigate the biomechanical mechanisms of lateral ankle sprains.
    • To identify the initial ligamentous structures injured during various sprain mechanisms.
    • To propose a grading system for lateral ankle sprains based on injury patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • An experimental study utilizing 39 fresh amputation ankle specimens.
    • A simple qualitative apparatus was employed to simulate different ankle sprain mechanisms.

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  • Mechanisms studied included supination-inversion (in plantar flexion and neutral positions), supination-internal rotation, and supination-plantar flexion.

    • Main Results:

    • Complete rupture of the anterior fibulotalar ligament was consistently the initial injury, except in supination with the ankle in a neutral position.
    • In neutral supination, an incomplete fibulocalcaneal ligament tear could precede the anterior fibulotalar ligament rupture.
    • Extreme internal rotation or plantar flexion could lead to partial rupture of the anterior deep fibers of the deltoid ligament.

    Conclusions:

    • The anterior fibulotalar ligament is the primary structure injured in most lateral ankle sprains.
    • Ankle position (neutral vs. plantar flexion) modifies the initial injury pattern during supination-inversion.
    • A novel four-part grading system for lateral ankle sprains is suggested based on these findings.